Susan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers Essay - 982 Words

â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† by Susan Glaspell is now known as a feminist classic. Susan Glaspell first published the play â€Å"Trifles† in 1916 and was adapted to the short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† in 1917. The story was rediscovered in the early 1970s, since then it has been reprinted into textbooks and anthologies. It is said that while Glaspell was working as a reporter she was inspired to write â€Å"Trifles† and â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers.† The stories are inspired by a real murder case she was covering. The short story and play has subtle differences that allow readers to get different perspectives with the same story in different formats. Many people believe the play and short story to be alike. There were only a few changes made in the adaptation. One of the changes is the title of the story. The title â€Å"Trifles† meaning less importance. The title is subtle and tells the reader the play might be about objects. The story revolves around items that the men consider to be insignificant, but are important in uncovering what happened. In â€Å"Trifles† it progresses by showing one clue after another in the household that eventually allows them to judge Minnie Foster. The title â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† is not so subtle, as it tells the readers some of the themes from the start, which are feminine community and legality. It also tells the reader that the story will be focused on the characters Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters, since they will be the jury for Mrs. Foster. In â€Å"Generic Translation andShow MoreRelatedSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers1408 Words   |  6 PagesGrowing up in Iowa in the 1800s and 1900s, Susan Glaspell took inspiration for many of her stories from personal experiences. As a former courthouse reporter herself, Glaspell’s short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† is based largely on her involvement with a murder case and a kitchen she recalled investigating. â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† a rendition of her early play, Trifles, focuses on the homicide of an abusive husband by his wife. While the men investigating the case overlook the various signs of abuseRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers1174 Words   |  5 Pages A Jury of Her Peers is a short story written by Susan Glaspell in 1917 and follows the investigation of the murder of John Wright, with his wife Minnie Wright being the alleged murderer. Martha and Lewis Hale assist Sheriff Peters and his wife, Mrs. Peters, with investigating the scene of the crime. Throughout the story, women notice significance in their findings, of which the men overlook. The men have a d ismissive attitude towards the women, ignoring their contributions. When the women solveRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers995 Words   |  4 Pagesprominent theme in the 1900’s, during a time when women were often treated as second class citizens to men. Susan Glaspell wrote the play â€Å"Trifles,† in 1916, which portrayed how women’s lives were seen as less significant throughout American society. The following year, Glaspell wrote the short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† which was essentially a longer and more detailed version of â€Å"Trifles.† The stories are alike in many societal implications, since â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† was based off of â€Å"TriflesRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers999 Words   |  4 PagesFrom beginning to end, Susan Glaspell’s 1917 short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† has several repetitive patterns and symbols that help the reader gain a profound understanding of how hard life is for women at the turn-of-the-century, as well as the bonds women share. In the story two women go with their husbands and county attorney to a remote house where Mr. Wright has been killed in his bed with a rope and he suspect is Minnie, his wife. Early in the story, Mrs. Hale sympathizes with Minnie andRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Jury Of Her Peers1841 Words   |  8 PagesName: ZaZa Horton Professor: Leblanc Course: Anicent Woman in Greece 20 April 2015 Susan Glaspell’s â€Å"Jury of Her Peers† â€Å"Jury of Her Peers† is a short story that revolves around the strange death of john wright. It is a piece of work that exposes sexism on women. Women have been categorized for some time now based on their gender and not on ability and skills. They have always fell at the short end of the stick when compare against men. Nevertheless, there were many similarities as well asRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers878 Words   |  4 Pages In â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† Susan Glaspell crafts an intricate portrayal of these differences, but also provides a closer look at interpersonal relationships in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as how one’s atmosphere may affect the mind. Glaspell’s commentary is clear regarding the standing of men and women of the time, with the male characters being in positions of duty and respect, and the female characters being in positions of maintenance. These choices made by Glaspell allow theRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesSusan Glaspell was a prolific author, playwright, journalist and novelist in the early 1900s. Early in her career as a reporter she wrote many articles including the newspaper coverage of a murder trial known as the Hossack Case when she worked for The Des Moines Daily News in Des Moines, Iowa. This murder trial was a much publicized event in which a woman, Margaret Hossack, was accused of murdering her prosperous husband on the couple’s farm in Des Moines. In these newspaper articles dated fromRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers Essay1789 Words   |  8 Pagesdefined as the treatment of someone or something with due fairness, but the fa irness of a situation is often seen differently, depending upon the viewer. In Susan Glaspell’s, A Jury of Her Peers, the idea of who is capable to fairly judge a person, and therefore serve justice, is examined through the arrest of Mrs. Minnie Wright for the murder of her husband. As the sheriff and others go to the Wrights’ house, the suggestion is made that those empowered by law to cast judgement and those with an understandingRead MoreSusan Glaspell s `` The Yellow Wallpaper `` And A Jury Of Her Peers ``2004 Words   |  9 Pagesof mankind. Women, in particular, fight for fairness even in today’s society. This everlasting battle can be seen in both â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† by Susan Glaspell. Gilman’s story revolves around a woman who has postpartum depression. Her husband, who is also her physician, uses isolation to try and heal his wife’s â€Å"nervous disea se.† Glaspell’s story, on the other hand, describes the murder of a man, with his wife being the prime suspect. Read MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles And A Jury Of Her Peers984 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† and â€Å"Trifles† are similar in plot, Mustazza’s article, â€Å"Generic Translation and Thematic Shift in Susan Glaspell’s ‘Trifles’ and ‘A Jury of Her Peers’† highlights the differences and similarities between the two. Mustazza’s article may help aid readers to understand the differences between Glaspell’s two works and provide understanding as to why Glaspell may have changed the genre and form of the plot. â€Å"Trifles† is a dramatic play whereas â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† is prose

Cathy and Heathcliff of Wuthering Heights Essay - 1238 Words

Cathy and Heathcliff of Wuthering Heights It seems to be a simple love story of two suffering souls - Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw. But this love can hardly exist in reality - its a fantasy of Emily Bronte, she created a sample of a real eternal passion - powerful and boundless. Only death seemed to be stronger than it. Though, after Cathy and Heathcliff are dead, these similar souls joined... Theres no doubt in it. Remember Heathcliffs words: You teach me now how cruel youve been - cruel and false. Why did you despise me? Why did you betray your own heart, Cathy? I have not one word of comfort ... You loved me - then what right had you to leave me? What right ... for the poor fancy you feel for†¦show more content†¦And because he is young and cheerful.. And because he loves me... And he will be rich, and I shall be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood, and I shall be proud of having such a husband. These are very meritorious reasons, of course! Who is rude and cruel Heathcliff comparing with such gentle beautiful creature as Edgar? Now there is a wall between Catherine and Heathcliff. They are different people. Heathcliff is annoying Cathy. His stupid and rude manners are deprived of all the good noble characters features, which Linton has too much. How monstrously and miserably Heathcliff looks comparing with Edgar, Cathys future husband. But what had happened again? She has forgotten all the love she felt to Heathcliff. And she doesnt see his sufferings. Shes so cruel. But once, Heathcliff, having not borne his abasement and pain of his broken love, runs away from Cathy. She waits for him, but he doesnt come back, so she marries Edgar Linton. Its obviously that theyre not a good couple, soon she has understood shes thirsty for freedom - to fly in the sky like a bird. Thrushcross Granges life is full of different amusements and joy, Edgar and his sister Isabella do everything they can to make her happy. But what does all this mean to her? Shes a little wild beast by her nature needing freedom and boundless heaths. Thats all she wants to be happy in this world. She and Edgar is as different as a moonbeam fromShow MoreRelatedWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1521 Words   |  7 Pages  Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontà « s only novel. Written between October 1845 and June 1846, Wuthering Heights was published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell; Brontà « died the following year, aged 30. Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontà « s Agnes Grey were accepted by publisher Thomas Newby before the success of their sister Charlotte s novel, Jane Eyre. After Emily s death, Charlotte edited the manuscript of Wuthering Heights, and arranged for the edited version to be published as a posthumousRead MoreEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights: Mental Illness and Fem inism1663 Words   |  7 Pages Novels are often taken by the reader at face value, and are never looked into on a deeper level. It is important to search for more than what is seen in a literary work. Wuthering Heights is a great example of a book with its own hidden secrets that can surface with a little research. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights depicts the oppression of women from mentally unstable individuals. Overview of Author Emily Bronte was born in Yorkshire, England on July 30, 1818 (â€Å"Emily Jane Bronte 1), to a familyRead MoreWuthering Heights1634 Words   |  7 Pagesfor her novel Wuthering Height, was inspired for her writing through her siblings from a young age. Brontà « was born in Yorkshire, England in 1818. She had one younger sibling, Anne, and four older ones, Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, and Patrick Branwell. When Brontà « and her family moved to Haworth in West Yorkshire, Maria and Elizabeth both died of tuberculosis. Emily was raised in the rural countryside in solitude, which provided a background for her Gothic novel, Wuthering Heights. When Emily, CharlotteRead More The Power of Love in Wuthering Heights Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesWuthering Heights is a novel which deviates from the standard of Victorian literature. The novels of the Victorian Era were often works of social criticism. They generally had a moral purpose and promoted ideals of love and brotherhood. Wuthering Heights is more of a Victorian Gothic novel; it contains passion, violence, and supernatural elements (Mitchell 119). The world of Wuthering Heights seems to be a world without morals. In Wuthering Heights, Brontà « does not idealize love; she presents itRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1283 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights is told from a complicated point of view. The narrator of the past is Nelly Dean, while the present time narrator is Mr. Lockwood. Set as a story within a story, Nelly tells Lockwood an eyewitness account of her dealings with the Earnshaws and the Lintons, while Lockwood is the outsider who records in his diary Nelly’s stories of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. From the novel’s beginning, Lockwood proves himself to be objective, while Nelly is subjectiveRead More The Double Characters in Wuthering Heights Essay example1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe Double Characters in Wuthering Heights      Ã‚   In Brontes novel, Wuthering Heights, a person has the capacity to attain happiness only if his external state of being is a true and accurate manifestation of his internal state of being. The double character which Catherine adopts in order to simultaneously maintain her relationship with the high brow Linton family and her low class friend, Heathcliff (66), is also manifested by most of the other main characters in the novel, thoughRead MoreWuthering Heights Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesIn Emily Bronte s novel Wuthering Heights, we are taken back to the nineteenth century by a man named Lockwood. He is being told the story of his landlord, Heathcliff, and how he became the man that he is and what he has been through. We learn that Heathcliff was adopted by Mr. Earnshaw on a trip to Liverpool and was brought back to Wuthering Heights to his new family, a mother, a brother, and a sister. Upon arrival he was not greeted with any respect and or love. The Earnshaw s had more love forRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1198 Words   |  5 Pagesaddictive yet destructive relationship between orphaned Heathcliff and Catherine. Wuthering Heights repeats cycles of relationships from the 1st generation of the Linton’s, Earnshaw’s, and Heathcliff’s transferred on to their children, the 2nd generation- Linton, Hareton, and the 2nd Catherine. Amongst this cycle, amorous and vengeful relationships are amid the family. However, the 2nd generation is able to accomplish the goal set by Heathcliff and the first Catherine finally putting an end to theRead MoreThe Setting of Wuthering Heights Essay681 Words   |  3 PagesWuthering Heights is a novel of passion, revenge, and the destructiveness of a love that is too fierce. The book takes place in the Yorkshire moors in New England in the late 18th century. Emily Brontà «, the author of the tale, makes great use of the story’s Gothic landscape and setting to draw into her stor y and complement its ongoing themes. The book divides its plot between the wild farmhouse, Wuthering Heights, and the cleanly kept mansion, Thrushcross Grange. Catherine Earnshaw and HeathcliffRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1350 Words   |  6 Pagessometimes conflicting, genres. Wuthering Heights, written by the famous Emily Brontà «, is one pointed example of a divisive novel in this sense. Although it possesses characteristics of a diverse range of literature, inconsistencies undermine many standard categorizations. Wuthering Heights is far too twisted and its concept of love far too flawed to be a romantic novel, although the saga of Heathcliff and Cathy is undoubtedly a love story. As a whole, Wuthering Heights is best described as a Gothic

Maasranga Communication Limited Free Essays

[pic] Assignment On Maasranga Communications Limited Submitted To: Maksuda Hossain Lecturer FBA Eastern University Submitted By: Name |ID | |Dewan Abdullah |101200205 | |Nadim Ali Mollah |101200208 | |Shahina Akter |101200211 | |Jahangir Sharif |101200210 | |Abrar Faisal |101200207 | SEC-4 Faculty of Business Administration Submission: 07/11/2011 [pic] [pic] Terms of Reference December 8, 2011 Maksuda Hossain Lecturer Faculty of Business Administration, Eastern University Madam, The report at your hand is on â€Å"Maasranga Communication limited†. You assign us to prepare this report as a part of the Management (MGT 201) course requirement. While preparing this report, we have tried to follow your instructions given in the class. We will write a custom essay sample on Maasranga Communication Limited or any similar topic only for you Order Now We believe our report contains information help us to make a clear recognize about â€Å"Maasranga Communication limited†. We really enjoyed doing such a challenging report. If you have further queries regarding this paper, we gladly remain stand by whenever you ask for it. Finally, we are grateful to you for giving us a nice opportunity to work on this report, which we have considered as a great chance for us to develop our analytical skills. Sincerely yours, Dewan Abdullah †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Nadim Ali Mollah †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Abrar Faisal †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Shahina Akter †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Jahangir Sharif †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Table of contents Chapter: 1 Introductory Part Introductionâ₠¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Objective or purpose of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Limitations of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Chapter: 2 Body of the Report Overview of the company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 Environment of the firm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Major competitors of the firm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 Environmental turbulence (Recent problem)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Major uniqueness of the channel†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 SWOT analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Chapter: 3 concluding Part Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 Findings†¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Appendix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 Maasranga Communications Limited Introductory Part Cause behind named â€Å"Maasranga† It is a sister concern of Square Group. Before that, Square had a production House that is renowned as Maasranga Production. For that, the Name of that our channel is Maasranga communication limited. It starts its operation from 30 July 2011officially. Introduction: Maasranga Television, part of the SQUARE Group, has turned to Grass Valley for a complete newsroom system, production and master control switchers, and infrastructure equipment as part of the rollout of an HDTV station in Bangladesh. It is the first High Definition (HD) TV channel in Bangladesh. At the heart of the channel is a complete digital news production system based on the Aurora production suite, with Grass Valley K2 media servers for content storage and exchange, and EDIUS editing workstations. Each of the two studios is equipped with a Grass Valley Kayak video production switcher. The central infrastructure of the new channel also relies upon Grass Valley technologies, including Maestro master control switching. Maasranga Television began test transmissions from its new center in Dhaka on Oct. 10. Maasranga TV started broadcasting on July 30, 2011 through an hour inaugural show. Maasranga TV will be the first television state that will broadcast in High Definition television, 3G format. #Achievement in these two years Maasranga TV became champions in the Pepsi-DRU Media Cup cricket tournament beating The Daily Star by 33 runs in the final at the Maulana Bhasani National Hockey Stadium on 21/11/2011. Minister for Information and Cultural Affairs Abul Kalam Azad witnessed the final and distributed prizes among the teams. Objective or purpose of the study: Firstly, we like to mention that, we are preparing this report as our Teacher influenced us to do this. There are others purpose to do the report those are given below———– * To find out the problem they are facing as a new TV channel. To find out who are the competitors of the channel who are the customers. * In this report, we are trying to focus the whole position Activity of the channel. Methodology: We used both primary and secondary data to prepare this report. We visit Maas ranga TV channel office and there by the marketing executive provide some information. As they are new in the market and they cannot provided much information in the web site, so we cannot find huge information in the web site about them. Based on this little information we are trying to complete the report. Limitation or barriers to complete this report: We were face many problem to complete the report those are highlighting below – When we visit Maasranga TV we meet there marketing manager he give us some information but some of the information he want to provide through e-mail. We told him that it would be ok. We contract with him several times and every time he tries to convince us, that he will send the e-mail. However, he sends the e-mail six days before of submission date of the report. As the channel is new and they are very busy in maintenances (As they inform us through the e-mail) they cannot uploaded much information about their channel, so we faced trouble in finding information on the web site. Body of the Report Overview of the company (Product or Service): As the marketing executive said that, they sell duration, which they called â€Å"Time Product. Especially they receive money to telecast an advertisement. They charged money based on how long the advertisement will telecast. They charged at least 25000? -30000? for an advertisement that will telecast for thirty seconds. At the very beginning s ome advertisement agency were strongly disagree, they suggest them as they are new they need to decrease the price. However, when they hear that â€Å"Maasranga† is the first HD channel in Bangladesh they were ready to pay money as the channel demand for an advertisement. Environment of the firm (External Internal): Division of the channel environment is showing below through a chart—– [pic] Discussion about the above components are given below— External Environment (General): Economics: When we try to know about their economic dimensions, they informed that it is highly confidential or top secret. They were not ready to share anything about daily expenditure, profit etc. related to economy. Technological: They are using the latest HD technology to telecast program. They use digital video camera and many other latest and high technology. Political: The ministry of information and technology has emphasized to develop the principles of telecasting our cultural values, history and the significant measures of our nation that are helpful to enlighten our image to the world itself. External Environment (Task): Competitors: As they are new in the market, so they have to compete with many channels like ATN Bangla, Channel I, Bangla Vision, Baisakhi and many other channels of Bangladesh. Customers: All aged group. â€Å"Maasranga† telecast different types of programs in different times as example they telecast cartoon on every Sunday and Monday for children. Suppliers: There main suppliers are those who supplies information to them as an example they mention one name who supplies information, is â€Å"Sirius. † Regulators: This Organization is a member or part of Square group. They mention that â€Å"Square group† works as the regulators. Internal Environment: Owners: The owner of the channel is â€Å"Square group† Board of directors: |Chairman |Shamson H. Chowdhury | |Managing Director |Aanjan Chowdhury | |CEO |Syed Fahim Munaim | |Executive Director |Ajoy Kumar Kundu | Employees: Near about four hundred people are working in the channel. Major competitors of the firm: There are many satellite channels in Bangladesh; â€Å"Maasranga† is not the first one so they have many competitors, their major competitors are Bijoy TV, G TV, My TV, Mohona TV- as they are also newly launched TV channels in Bangladesh. There are many other giant competitors of â€Å"Maasranga† like ATN Bangla, Channel I, Bangla vision, Diganta TV and many more – as they are very famous TV channels in Bangladesh. Environmental turbulence: (Recent problem) 0 July 2011 the channel is started officially so they passed near five months (Until the submission date 08/12/2011) after starting, so the every single problem faced by them is â€Å"recent problem† for them. They did not mention any problem specifically. They mention that, this topic is very secret. They only talked about that, there employees working very hard to solve the entire problem. Major uniqueness of the channel: The HD technology differ them from other channels. SWOT Analysis: |Strengths |Weakness | | |New in the marked. | |Strong and experienced management. | | |Not much popular. | |First HD channel in Bangladesh. | | | |Cannot create much awareness among people. | |High quality picture. | | | |Lake of well-trained employee. | |Quality full program. | | | |Lake of information source. |Telecasts programs in time. | | | |High investment to competing with the competitor. | |Took short breaks in programs. | | |Opportunities |Threats | | | | |Can be launched a new program. |Hard competition in the market. | | | |Experienced in using high technology. |Political instability in the country. | | | | |HD technology will increase their demand. |Profit will low then investment. | | | | | |Big threat for them, that they are new. | Concluding Pa rt Conclusion: By analyzing the whole report we can say that, the firm or channel are facings many problems as they are new. In addition, their main strength is that, they are using high technology. To peak up the channel they must be choosy in selecting employee, program etc. Findings: From the overall report we can find that, the main problem is awareness. Awareness among people is very important for them. To compete with the competitors they must create awareness among people. Recommendation: †¢ They must select quality full programs. †¢ They must select hard working employee. †¢ They must telecast those programs, which will acceptable for all aged people. Take part in some social work to get emotional benefits. †¢ Choose good presenter and try to telecast true news. Appendix: We provide a soft copy of the report through a CD. That will help you to judge the report. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic][pic][pic] ———————â⠂¬â€œ |Competitors | |Customers | |Suppliers | |Regulators | Task |Economics | |Technological | |Political | General |Owners | |Board of directors | |Employees | Internal External Environment ———————– 1 How to cite Maasranga Communication Limited, Essay examples

Sylvia PlathS Mirror Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

Sylvia Plath? S? Mirror? Essay, Research Paper The Burden of Acceptance Sylvia Plath # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; Mirror, # 8221 ; shows a genuinely thoughtful expression into the different sights and feelings a mirror would hold if it were a unrecorded witting being, unable to lie. By demoing the ideas and emotions that a mirror would breathe, Plath makes you look inward towards how you present yourself non merely to your mirror but besides to yourself. This is an eye-opening verse form because of its true descriptions of the relationship between the interior feelings of people and how their outward visual aspects that they portray of themselves affect them in and out of the public kingdom. Examples of this are put throughout the verse form # 8220 ; Mirror, # 8221 ; and can be found in merely about every line of the verse form. In the beginning of # 8220 ; Mirror, # 8221 ; the mirror states that it has no prepossessions and whatever it sees it takes in automatically, intending that it # 8217 ; s unbiased in every manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia PlathS Mirror Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is non a vas to be barbarous, but to merely to be true and like that of an # 8220 ; oculus of a small god. # 8221 ; By stating this, Plath is stating the reader that a mirror, although it can be thought of as mocking and humiliative, is nil but a mirror image. This shows us that the lone disagreement that we see in a mirror is non made by the mirror, but is created by our ain mind, self-conscience, and self-perceptions. All a mirror is, is a projection of what we think and feel about ourselves, may it be an image that comes from another # 8217 ; s perceptual experiences of us or non. In any facet, a mirror is merely that, it is our ain perceptual experience of ourselves, no affair how we may really look like in the mirror. The following subdivision of the verse form introdu Ces a adult female into the life of the mirror. She looks toward the mirror seeking to happen what she truly wants to detect ( beauty ) , and the mirror truthfully reflects back to her what it sees. She turns from the contemplation as if to look for the â€Å"truth† in something else, non demuring what she has merely seen. Unable to happen it, the mirror sees her agitation and depression after seeing her true ego within it. She is ever looking into the mirror to do certain everything is perfect and to set everything in it’s topographic point, so to talk. In this the mirror, as the old ages apparently pass, sees the immature miss transform from her young person into an old adult female and lose all that she has fretted over and over approximately throughout her life. Each twenty-four hours, she is reminded by the mirror of her lost young person and beauty that was one time projected dorsum at her so dependably. The mirror in the verse form is a representation of the truths in life, that as a individual, is hard to come to footings with in one # 8217 ; s self. The adult female # 8217 ; s position of herself and her reluctance to accept her natural and God-given beauty, shows how we all ( as a society or as an person ) find it difficult to accept ourselves for who we genuinely are. How we try to do ourselves into a conformed object of # 8220 ; popular beauty # 8221 ; based upon our outward visual aspect, alternatively of traveling by how our personal feelings that come from within us. The mirror, like # 8220 ; the oculus of a small God, # 8221 ; shows us all what and who we truly are no affair how much we fight to deny what it # 8217 ; s stating us. In the terminal we all must come to confront the facts about who we are and how we must accept and come to clasps with it before our socially forced ideals consume us everlastingly in a universe of self-loathing.

Reaction Paper of Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo free essay sample

Marino Olivarez, Capitan municipal of Novelette, Cavity, who persuaded Continual, a mason, to join the Justinian. Continual in turn persuaded Olivarez to join the Free masonry. According to the book that have read, entitled Justinian: is Kayak Andrea at Kayak Mining, Olivarez was the cousin of Gregorian De Jesus, wife of Boniface. He later became a general of the revolution. In the Justinian, Continual, a deeply religious man, adopted the mom De Gruyere Magical, after Mary Magdalene, the patroness of Kuwait. Similarly, Gondolas pseudonym in the Freemasonry was Colon after Christopher Columbus, who discoveredAmerica in 1492, (if Im not mistaken). Gondolas affiliation with Benefactions Justinian was a godsend. A popular and charismatic Capitan municipal, the highest elective post to which a native could aspire during the Spanish regime, Continual recruited many new members for the revolutionary society, including his close friend, Candida Atria Tirana, and his first cousin, Balladeer Continual, both of whom later became revolutionary generals and well-known Kuwait residents like Santiago Dado, C annot Incarnation, and Tomato Continual. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper of Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All were masons like Emilio Continual, who belonged to the ironically (According to my High School teacher), then the ruling class of each municipality in the country. But those people- peasants and workers- who could not be admitted into Freemasonry for lack of qualifications were nevertheless recruited by Continual in Justinian. Boniface was naturally much delighted and gratified to learn about the recruitment of many members of the Justinian in Cavity.Boniface himself congratulated Continual, saying the latter was able to sign up many Stationeries because he was such a good Capitan municipal. Continual made periodic trips to Manila o personally report to Boniface on the rapid increase in membership of the Justinian in Kuwait and nearby towns. To express his appreciation for Gondolas efforts, Boniface one day joined the energetic Capitan municipal on his trip to Kuwait and organized a Justinian branch or chapter which the supreme called Magical, at the same time designating Continu al as president of the new chapter. Eve read, The Truth About Continual and Other Heroes by Alfred Saul, I have learned that one day in June 1895, Boniface, accompanied by DRP. Poi Valuable and Justinian secretary Terror Gonzales, went to Kuwait a second time to set up the Magical Council which comprised several towns of Cavity. Because of its unusually large membership, the Magical Council was organized ahead of the Managing Council in the neighboring town of Novelette which was originally headed by Marino Olivarez.The little-known but important historical fact is also glossed over by our historians, like what Ive said a while ago. However, the Managing Council of Olivarez had a much larger territory than Gondolas Magical Council. In this connection, it is important to remember that the evolution in Cavity should not be confused with the Justinian revolt led by Boniface. Following the discovery of the Justinian on August 19, 1896, Boniface and his followers were forced to take to the field and, despite their lack of preparation, raised the standard of rebellion in Pagan Lawn on August 23.Based on my observation in many Filipino historians, one historian r efers to this event as the Cry of Pagan Lawn, but at least two more senior historians describe the incident as the Cry of Balalaikas and say that it happened on August 26, not three days earlier as claimed by historian Canonical. Still other historians, Conrad Benefit and Terror M. Koala, call the incident the Cry of Kayaking, for the water plant kayaking grew in the area.In contrast, there was only one Cry of Cavity, and this took place in the towns of San Francisco De Malabar (now General Trial), Novelette, and Kuwait on the same day, August 31, 1896, the day after the Justinian revolt had fizzled out in the Battle of San Juan del Monte, in Mormon (now Racial) province. The error is that most historians regard the two armed uprisings against the Spanish regime as part of the Philippine Revolution. The truth is that these two incidents occurred in widely separated areas and were entirely independent of each other.The Justinian uprising was purely a revolt- and an abortive one- by a few hundred men under the leadership of Boniface and Emilio Action, while that of Cavity involved thousands of people on the first and many more thousands on the succeeding days, weeks, and months. By sheer magnitude and intensit y, the Cavity uprising was a full-blown revolution. Except for a narrow strip of land where the Spanish arsenal was located, the entire province of Cavity was liberated by the revolutionists in sees than a week.The rebels in the Battle of San Juan were all Stationeries. In the revolution at Cavity, however, the preponderant majority were non- Stationeries- people who had probably never heard of the Justinian before the uprising because it was secretly revolutionary society. They joined the armed struggle against the Spaniards purely out of patriotism. According to General Balladeer Continual, president of the Magical Coo nice- or government-based in Emus, there were only about 300 Stationeries in the province Of Cavity.General Emilio Continual, however, estimated that there ere about 500 Justinian members in Cavity at the outbreak of the revolution. There is a lot of truth to the statement of historian Schumacher that the Revolution in Cavity had outgrown the Justinian and would cast it aside (Based on the book of Terror M. Koala, that I have read during my report). In fact, the Cavity revolutionists forthwith rejected the Justinian and set up the revolutionary government to carry on the struggle for national liberation and independence.Although its membership was well spread in many provinces, especially in Luzon, the Justinian, because of poor military leadership, was able to put up only a one-week revolt, August 23 to 30, ending in a complete debacle: 153 Stationeries killed and about 200 taken prisoner. The Justinian uprising paled into insignificance when compared with earlier revolts. I talk to myself, like Kayak ring pal tit Eng page-alls Nina Tambala as Boll, Summary as Plagiarism, Andrea Malone as Panamanian, Francisco Adagios as Boll, Diego Slang as Locos, Juan deal Cruz Polaris as Panamanian, at Application deal Cruz as Tablas, Anon baa Amman yang! Boniface fled to the hills of San Mateo and Montanan with absolutely no further chance of a successful comeback cause the Justinian in Manila and its environs had melted away. Boniface himself admitted that he had no followers left in the city. After the San Juan fiasco, the Justinian went into oblivion, and Boniface himself was soon forgotten. The Spanish forces under Bernard Caltech did not bother to pursue him in the jungles of Mormon dismissing the remaining rebel force as of little military significance.It would take the passage of several years, long after the death of Boniface, before poet Fernando Ma, Guerdon, editor of El Reenactments, started building the Boniface cult, extolling and magnifying his revolutionary achievements out of proportion to his actual deeds. Have also read the poem, in his long poem entitled Andrea Boniface: Founder of the Justinian, included in his book of poems called Sacroiliacs, Guerdon lauds the Tendon hero. How could an abortive one-week Justinian revolt bring about such feats resulting in a glorious enunciation of a new dawn?Only a poet whose feet are well above the ground can conjure such a fantasy. Had Boniface fled to Cavity after the Battle of San Juan and had General Caltech pursued him there, the Justinian revolt and the Cavity Revolution would have been joined. The Caltech mili tary action, under the modern theory of hot pursuit, would have erased any distinction between the Justinian and the Cavity struggles for freedom, merging them into one giant upheaval-the Philippine Revolution. But instead Boniface took the easiest but near-sighted step- he fled to the security of the jungles of Mormon. He had lost all hope. His fighting days were over. He was therefore the most surprised man in the mountain redoubt hen one day in December he received an invitation from the Managing to go and visit his brother Stationeries in the liberated province of Cavity. The invitation was written by Artemisia Recreate on the insistence of Marino Olivarez. The Managing invitation has been described as a sheer act of malice for the simple reason that no good purpose could be served by Benefactions presence in Cavity at that time.Having failed as a military leader, what advice could he give to the Cavityo revolutionists who had won their battles against Spaniards, driving them away in full of retreat and inactivity for the next overall months while the Spaniards waited for reinforcements from Spain? On the other hand, Benefactions presence in Cavity might affect enemy attacks, keeping the Cavitations out of balance and unable to concentrate their efforts on the primordial task of strengthening th eir Little Republic of Cavity. Boniface, having learned from bitter experience, declined the first two invitations from the Managing. He said it would not be advisable for leaders of the revolution to be cooped up in a small place like Cavity. Should the leaders be trapped, captured, or killed by the enemy, he added, that would mean the end of the revolution. A sensible answer from a man who had tasted defeat. But the Managing would not take no for an answer. A third invitation was sent to Boniface, and this time the latter accepted it. When I was read this book, I whisper that Why? And Why is the answer of Boniface, this question deserves an in-depth study by historians.What made Boniface finally accept the invitation to visit Cavity? In the absence of any historical documents, one can make an educated guess. THE CLIMAX OF MY COMPILATION It is not true, as stated in nearly all history books being taught in our schools ND colleges, that Boniface went to Cavity about mid-December 1896 to mediate the so-called conflict between the Magical and the Managing Councils of the Justinian in the province. Recreate himself said that there was no such conflict before Boniface arrived in Cavity.In fact, the two councils were cooperating splendidly, helping each other in the struggle against the Spaniards. The conflict between the two factions occurred only after Boniface arrived there. One important event ignored by historians is the fact that the day after Boniface arrived in Cavity, he was elected Haring Banyan Of the Magical Council or Government, replacing Marino Olivarez, who was demoted to Panhandling Haring Banyan. This meant that Boniface, in openly identifying himself with the Managing, forfeited whatever right he had,a s the Justinian Supreme, to act as a mediator between the two councils.B enefactions election as Haring Banyan signaled the star of the Magical- Managing conflict. The Managing insisted on claiming the leadership of the revolution for two reasons (based on Nick Joaquin): (1 ) they were first to rise in arms in Cavity, capturing the tribunal of San Francisco De Malabar bout 10 oclock on the morning of August 31, 1896,a ND that of Novelette about two hours later, and (2) they had a much larger territory under their control than did Magical.The Magical, on the other hand, justified their claim to leadership of the revolution by virtue of their almost daily encounters with the Spaniards, especially on the fronts of Capote and Backdoor, which the enemy would have to conquer before they could reach the Magical capital of Emus. These encounters provided the Magical with more extensive experience in military combat, something which the Managing, being located in the rear Of the Attlee zone, did not acquire, except from one encounter in Dalmatian on November 9-11, 1896.Another factor which weighed heavily in favor of the Magical was the presence of the ir brave and dashing cafe abandoner, Emilio Continual. When Boniface arrived in Cavity, Continual had defeated the best of the Spanish generals- Ernest De Acquire and Ramona Blanch- thus raising himself to the rank of a world military figure. His name had become a byword in Europe and the Latin-America countries which had previously liberated themselves from Spanish rule. Writing from London, DRP. Antonio Ma, Region, a Filipino exiled in 1872, stated that Continual had acquired a reputation and a name in Europe.Because of his spectacular military victories against the Spaniards, Continual had become a living legend in Cavity. Based on my conclusion, one educated guess, based on the sequence of historical events, is that Boniface finally accepted the invitation to visit Cavity with the idea of wresting the leadership of the revolution from the Magical under their victorious military commander, Continual. In other words, the Managing invited Boniface, the Justinian Supreme, in order to pit against Continual, an ordinary Gatekeeper.Another educated guess is that Boniface had been offered a kingdom in Cavity. That the Tendon hero wanted to be a king might be adduced from his own behavior when he arrived in Cavity. Historian Canonical describes Benefactions arrival in Cavity in these words: With his wife and two brothers, Cardiac and Procom, Boniface left for Cavity about the midd le of December 1896. Continual, Candida Atria Tirana ( a historical error because he had been killed in the Battle of Binary on November 10, 1896) and DilbertEvangelists were on hand to meet the supreme and his entourage in Capote. It was at this preliminary meeting that a misunderstanding arose between Magical leaders and Boniface, for the former, rightly or wrongly, saw from Benefactions gestures and behavior that he regarded himself superior and acting as if he were a king. Benefactions subsequent election as Haring Banyan of the Managing proved his ambition to kingship and, on the other hand, disproved the contention of many historians that Boniface had come to Cavity to mediate the Magical- Managing conflict.

Franz Boas, Father of American Anthropology

Franz Boas, Father of American Anthropology German-American anthropologist Franz Boas was one of the most influential social scientists of the early twentieth century, noted for his commitment to cultural relativism and as a staunch opponent of racist ideologies. Boas was arguably the most innovative, active, and prodigiously productive of the first generation of anthropologists in the U.S. He is best known for his curatorial work at the American Museum of National History in New York and for his nearly four-decade career teaching anthropology at Columbia University, where he built the first anthropology program in the country and trained the first generation of anthropologists in the U.S.  His graduate students went on to establish many of the first and most highly regarded anthropology programs in the country. Fast Facts: Franz Boas Born: July 9, 1858 in Minden, GermanyDied: December 22, 1942 in New York City, New YorkKnown For: Considered the Father of American AnthropologyEducation: University of Heidelberg, University of Bonn, University of KielParents: Meier Boas and Sophie MeyerSpouse: Marie Krackowizer Boas (m. 1861-1929)Notable Publications: The Mind of Primitive Man (1911), Handbook of American Indian Languages (1911), Anthropology and Modern Life (1928), Race, Language, and Culture (1940)Interesting Facts: Boas was an outspoken opponent of racism, and used anthropology to refute the scientific racism that was popular during his time. His theory of cultural relativism held that all cultures were equal, but simply had to be understood in their own contexts and by their own terms. Early Life Boas was born in 1858 in Minden, in the German province of Westphalia. His family was Jewish but identified with liberal ideologies and encouraged independent thinking. From a young age, Boas was taught to value books and became interested in the natural sciences and culture. He followed his interests in his college and graduate studies, focusing primarily on the natural sciences and geography while attending the University of Heidelberg, the University of Bonn, and the University of Kiel, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in physics. Research In 1883, after a year of service in the military, Boas began field research in Inuit communities in Baffin Island, off the northern coast of Canada. This was the beginning of his shift toward studying people and culture, rather than the external or natural worlds, and would alter the course of his career. Spirit of the Earthquake, Nootka Mask, Pacific Norwest Coast American Indian. Possibly American Museum of Natural History. Acquisition Year: 1901. Heritage Images / Getty Images In 1886, he began the first of many fieldwork trips to the Pacific Northwest. Contrary to dominant views during that era, Boas came to believe- in part through his fieldwork- that all societies were fundamentally equal. He disputed the claim that fundamental differences existed between societies that were deemed civilized versus savage or primitive, according to the language of the time. For Boas, all human groups were fundamentally equal. They simply needed to be understood within their own cultural contexts. Boas worked closely with the cultural exhibits of the 1893 Worlds Columbian Exposition, or the Chicago Worlds Fair, which celebrated the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus arrival in the Americas. It was a huge undertaking and many of the materials gathered by his research teams went on to form the basis of the collection for the Chicago Field Museum, where Boas worked briefly following the Columbian Exposition. Eskimos At The Worlds Columbian Exposition, which Franz Boas helped create. Chicago History Museum / Getty Images Following his time in Chicago, Boas moved to New York, where he became assistant curator and later curator at the American Museum of Natural History. While there, Boas championed the practice of presenting cultural artifacts in their context, rather than attempting to arrange them according to imagined evolutionary progress. Boas was an early proponent of using dioramas, or replicas of scenes from daily life, in museum settings. He was a leading figure in the research, development, and launch of the Museums Northwest Coast Hall in 1890, which was one of the first museum exhibits on the life and culture of the indigenous people of North America. Boas continued to work at the Museum until 1905, when he turned his professional energies toward academia. Franz Boas was curator of the American Museum Of Natural History from 1896 to 1905. The New York Historical Society / Getty Images Work in Anthropology Boas became the first professor of anthropology at Columbia University in 1899, following three years as a lecturer in the field. He was instrumental in establishing the universitys anthropology department, which became the first Ph.D. program in the discipline in the U.S. Boas is often referred to as the Father of American Anthropology because, in his role at Columbia, he trained the first generation of U.S. scholars in the field. Famous anthropologists Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict were both his students, as was the writer Zora Neale Hurston. In addition, several of his graduate students went on to establish some of the first anthropology departments in universities across the country, including programs at the University of California at Berkeley, University of Chicago, Northwestern University, and beyond. The emergence of anthropology as an academic discipline in the U.S. connects closely to Boas work and, in particular, his lasting legacy through his former students. Boas was also a key figure in the founding and development of the American Anthropological Association, which remains the primary professional organization for anthropologists in the U.S. Chiefs Blanket with Bear Design, Totemism,Tlingit Tribe, Pacific Northwest Coast Indians. Totemism is a system of belief in which humans are said to have kinship or a mystical relationship with a spirit-being, such as an animal or plant. Heritage Images / Getty Images Main Theories and Ideas Boas is well known for his theory of cultural relativism, which held that all cultures were essentially equal but simply had to be understood in their own terms. Comparing two cultures was tantamount to comparing apples and oranges; they were fundamentally different and had to be approached as such. This marked a decisive break with the evolutionary thinking of the period, which attempted to organize cultures and cultural artifacts by an imagined level of progress. For Boas, no culture was more or less developed or advanced than any other. They were simply different. Along similar lines, Boas denounced the belief that different racial or ethnic groups were more advanced than others. He opposed scientific racism, a dominant school of thought at that time. Scientific racism held that race was a biological, rather than cultural, concept and that racial differences could thus be attributed to underlying biology. While such ideas have since been refuted, they were very popular in the early twentieth century. In terms of anthropology as a discipline, Boas supported what came to be known as the four-field approach. Anthropology, for him, constituted the holistic study of culture and experience, bringing together cultural anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology, and physical anthropology. Franz Boas died of a stroke in 1942 at the Columbia University campus. A collection of his essays, articles, and lectures, which he had personally selected, was published posthumously under the title Race and Democratic Society. The book took aim at race discrimination, which Boas considered the most intolerable of all forms. Sources: Elwert, Georg. Boas, Franz (1858-1942). International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015. Pierpont, Claudia Roth. The Measure of America. The New Yorker, March 8, 2004.Who Was Franz Boas? PBS Think Tank, 2001.White, Leslie A. Book Review: Race and Democratic Society. American Journal of Sociology, 1947.

The U.S. Presidents and Their Era

The U.S. Presidents and Their Era Learning the list of U.S. presidents in order   is an elementary school activity. Most everyone remembers the most important and best presidents, as well as those that served in wartime. But many of the rest are forgotten in the fog of memory or vaguely remembered but cant be placed in the right time frame. So, quick, when was Martin Van Buren president? What happened during his tenure? Gotcha, right? Heres  a refresher course on this fifth grade subject that includes the 45 U.S. presidents as of January 2017, along with the defining issues of their eras.   U.S. Presidents 1789-1829 The earliest presidents, most of whom are considered to be Founding Fathers of the United States, are usually the easiest to remember. Streets, counties, and cities are named after all of them across the country. Washington is called the father of his country for good reason: His ragtag Revolutionary army beat the British, and that made the United States of America a country. He served as the countrys first president, guiding it through its infancy, and set the tone. Jefferson, the writer of the Declaration of Independence, expanded the country tremendously with the Louisiana Purchase. Madison, the father of the Constitution, was in the White House during the War of 1812 with the British (again), and he and wife Dolley had to famously escape the White House as it was burned by the British.  These early years saw the country carefully begin to find its way as a new nation. George Washington (1789-1797)John Adams (1797-1801)Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)James Madison (1809-1817)James Monroe (1817-1825)John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) U.S. Presidents 1829-1869 This period of U.S. history is marked by the searing controversy of slavery in the Southern states and compromises that tried and ultimately failed to solve the problem. The Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 all sought to deal with this issue, which inflamed passions both North and South. These passions ultimately erupted in secession and then Civil War, which lasted from April 1861 to April 1865, a war that took the lives of 620,000 Americans, almost as many as in all other wars fought by Americans combined. Lincoln is, of course, remembered by all as the Civil War president trying to keep the Union intact, then guiding the North throughout the war and then attempting to bind up the nations wounds, as stated in his Second Inaugural Address. Also, as all Americans know, Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth just after the war ended in 1865. Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)William H. Harrison (1841)John Tyler (1841-1845)James K. Polk (1841-1849)Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)James Buchanan (1857-1861)Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)Andrew Johnson (1865-1869) U.S. Presidents 1869-1909 This period, which stretches from just after the Civil War until the early part of the 20th century, was marked by Reconstruction, including the three Reconstruction Amendments (13, 14 and 15), the rise of the railroads, westward expansion, and wars with Native Americans in the areas where American pioneers were settling. Events like the Chicago Fire (1871), the first run of the Kentucky Derby (1875) the Battle of Little Big Horn (1876), the Nez Perce War (1877), the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge (1883), the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890) and the Panic of 1893 define this era. Toward the end, the Gilded Age made its mark, and that was followed by the populist reforms of Theodore Roosevelt, which brought the country into the 20th century. Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)James A. Garfield (1881)Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885)Grover Cleveland (1885-1889)Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)William McKinley (1897-1901)Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) U.S. Presidents 1909-1945 Three momentous events dominated this time period: World War I, the Great Depression of the 1930s and World War II. Between World War I and the Great Depression came the Roaring 20s, a time of immense social change and huge prosperity, which all came to a screeching halt in October 1929, with the crash of the stock market. The country then plunged into a somber decade of extremely high unemployment, the Dust Bowl on the Great Plains and many home and business foreclosures. Virtually all Americans were affected. Then in December 1941, the Japanese bombed the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor, and the U.S. was drawn into World War II, which had been wreaking havoc in Europe since the fall of 1939. The war caused the economy to finally turn up. But the cost was high: World War II took the lives of more than 405,000 Americans in Europe and the Pacific. Franklin D. Roosevelt was president from 1932 to April 1945, when he died in office. He steered the ship of state through two of these traumatic times and left an enduring mark domestically with New Deal legislation. William H. Taft (1909-1913)Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) U.S. Presidents 1945-1989 Truman took over when FDR died in office and presided over the end of World War II in Europe and the Pacific, and he made the decision to use atomic weapons on Japan to end the war. And that ushered in whats called the Atomic Age and the Cold War, which continued until 1991 and the fall of the Soviet Union. This period is defined by peace and prosperity in the 1950s, the assassination of Kennedy in 1963, civil rights protests and civil rights legislative changes, and the Vietnam War. The late 1960s were particularly contentious, with Johnson taking much of the heat over Vietnam. The 1970s brought a watershed constitutional crisis in the form of Watergate. Nixon resigned in 1974 after the House of Representatives passed three articles of impeachment against him. The Reagan years brought peace and prosperity as in the 50s, with a popular president presiding. Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)Richard M. Nixon (1969-1974)Gerald R. Ford (1974-1977)Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) U.S. Presidents 1989-2017 This most recent era of American history is marked by prosperity but also by tragedy: The attacks of Sept.11, 2001, on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon and including the lost plane in Pennsylvania took 2,996 lives and was the deadliest terrorist attack in history and the most horrific attack on the U.S. since Pearl Harbor. Terrorism and Mideast strife have dominated the period, with wars being fought in Afghanistan and Iraq soon after 9/11 and ongoing terrorism fears throughout these years. The 2008 financial crisis was the worst in the U.S. since the beginning of the Great Depression in 1929. George H. W. Bush (1989-1993)Bill Clinton (1993-2001)George W. Bush (2001-2009)Barack Obama (2009-2017)Donald Trump (2017- )