Reaction Paper of Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo free essay sample

Marino Olivarez, Capitan municipal of Novelette, Cavity, who persuaded Continual, a mason, to join the Justinian. Continual in turn persuaded Olivarez to join the Free masonry. According to the book that have read, entitled Justinian: is Kayak Andrea at Kayak Mining, Olivarez was the cousin of Gregorian De Jesus, wife of Boniface. He later became a general of the revolution. In the Justinian, Continual, a deeply religious man, adopted the mom De Gruyere Magical, after Mary Magdalene, the patroness of Kuwait. Similarly, Gondolas pseudonym in the Freemasonry was Colon after Christopher Columbus, who discoveredAmerica in 1492, (if Im not mistaken). Gondolas affiliation with Benefactions Justinian was a godsend. A popular and charismatic Capitan municipal, the highest elective post to which a native could aspire during the Spanish regime, Continual recruited many new members for the revolutionary society, including his close friend, Candida Atria Tirana, and his first cousin, Balladeer Continual, both of whom later became revolutionary generals and well-known Kuwait residents like Santiago Dado, C annot Incarnation, and Tomato Continual. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper of Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All were masons like Emilio Continual, who belonged to the ironically (According to my High School teacher), then the ruling class of each municipality in the country. But those people- peasants and workers- who could not be admitted into Freemasonry for lack of qualifications were nevertheless recruited by Continual in Justinian. Boniface was naturally much delighted and gratified to learn about the recruitment of many members of the Justinian in Cavity.Boniface himself congratulated Continual, saying the latter was able to sign up many Stationeries because he was such a good Capitan municipal. Continual made periodic trips to Manila o personally report to Boniface on the rapid increase in membership of the Justinian in Kuwait and nearby towns. To express his appreciation for Gondolas efforts, Boniface one day joined the energetic Capitan municipal on his trip to Kuwait and organized a Justinian branch or chapter which the supreme called Magical, at the same time designating Continu al as president of the new chapter. Eve read, The Truth About Continual and Other Heroes by Alfred Saul, I have learned that one day in June 1895, Boniface, accompanied by DRP. Poi Valuable and Justinian secretary Terror Gonzales, went to Kuwait a second time to set up the Magical Council which comprised several towns of Cavity. Because of its unusually large membership, the Magical Council was organized ahead of the Managing Council in the neighboring town of Novelette which was originally headed by Marino Olivarez.The little-known but important historical fact is also glossed over by our historians, like what Ive said a while ago. However, the Managing Council of Olivarez had a much larger territory than Gondolas Magical Council. In this connection, it is important to remember that the evolution in Cavity should not be confused with the Justinian revolt led by Boniface. Following the discovery of the Justinian on August 19, 1896, Boniface and his followers were forced to take to the field and, despite their lack of preparation, raised the standard of rebellion in Pagan Lawn on August 23.Based on my observation in many Filipino historians, one historian r efers to this event as the Cry of Pagan Lawn, but at least two more senior historians describe the incident as the Cry of Balalaikas and say that it happened on August 26, not three days earlier as claimed by historian Canonical. Still other historians, Conrad Benefit and Terror M. Koala, call the incident the Cry of Kayaking, for the water plant kayaking grew in the area.In contrast, there was only one Cry of Cavity, and this took place in the towns of San Francisco De Malabar (now General Trial), Novelette, and Kuwait on the same day, August 31, 1896, the day after the Justinian revolt had fizzled out in the Battle of San Juan del Monte, in Mormon (now Racial) province. The error is that most historians regard the two armed uprisings against the Spanish regime as part of the Philippine Revolution. The truth is that these two incidents occurred in widely separated areas and were entirely independent of each other.The Justinian uprising was purely a revolt- and an abortive one- by a few hundred men under the leadership of Boniface and Emilio Action, while that of Cavity involved thousands of people on the first and many more thousands on the succeeding days, weeks, and months. By sheer magnitude and intensit y, the Cavity uprising was a full-blown revolution. Except for a narrow strip of land where the Spanish arsenal was located, the entire province of Cavity was liberated by the revolutionists in sees than a week.The rebels in the Battle of San Juan were all Stationeries. In the revolution at Cavity, however, the preponderant majority were non- Stationeries- people who had probably never heard of the Justinian before the uprising because it was secretly revolutionary society. They joined the armed struggle against the Spaniards purely out of patriotism. According to General Balladeer Continual, president of the Magical Coo nice- or government-based in Emus, there were only about 300 Stationeries in the province Of Cavity.General Emilio Continual, however, estimated that there ere about 500 Justinian members in Cavity at the outbreak of the revolution. There is a lot of truth to the statement of historian Schumacher that the Revolution in Cavity had outgrown the Justinian and would cast it aside (Based on the book of Terror M. Koala, that I have read during my report). In fact, the Cavity revolutionists forthwith rejected the Justinian and set up the revolutionary government to carry on the struggle for national liberation and independence.Although its membership was well spread in many provinces, especially in Luzon, the Justinian, because of poor military leadership, was able to put up only a one-week revolt, August 23 to 30, ending in a complete debacle: 153 Stationeries killed and about 200 taken prisoner. The Justinian uprising paled into insignificance when compared with earlier revolts. I talk to myself, like Kayak ring pal tit Eng page-alls Nina Tambala as Boll, Summary as Plagiarism, Andrea Malone as Panamanian, Francisco Adagios as Boll, Diego Slang as Locos, Juan deal Cruz Polaris as Panamanian, at Application deal Cruz as Tablas, Anon baa Amman yang! Boniface fled to the hills of San Mateo and Montanan with absolutely no further chance of a successful comeback cause the Justinian in Manila and its environs had melted away. Boniface himself admitted that he had no followers left in the city. After the San Juan fiasco, the Justinian went into oblivion, and Boniface himself was soon forgotten. The Spanish forces under Bernard Caltech did not bother to pursue him in the jungles of Mormon dismissing the remaining rebel force as of little military significance.It would take the passage of several years, long after the death of Boniface, before poet Fernando Ma, Guerdon, editor of El Reenactments, started building the Boniface cult, extolling and magnifying his revolutionary achievements out of proportion to his actual deeds. Have also read the poem, in his long poem entitled Andrea Boniface: Founder of the Justinian, included in his book of poems called Sacroiliacs, Guerdon lauds the Tendon hero. How could an abortive one-week Justinian revolt bring about such feats resulting in a glorious enunciation of a new dawn?Only a poet whose feet are well above the ground can conjure such a fantasy. Had Boniface fled to Cavity after the Battle of San Juan and had General Caltech pursued him there, the Justinian revolt and the Cavity Revolution would have been joined. The Caltech mili tary action, under the modern theory of hot pursuit, would have erased any distinction between the Justinian and the Cavity struggles for freedom, merging them into one giant upheaval-the Philippine Revolution. But instead Boniface took the easiest but near-sighted step- he fled to the security of the jungles of Mormon. He had lost all hope. His fighting days were over. He was therefore the most surprised man in the mountain redoubt hen one day in December he received an invitation from the Managing to go and visit his brother Stationeries in the liberated province of Cavity. The invitation was written by Artemisia Recreate on the insistence of Marino Olivarez. The Managing invitation has been described as a sheer act of malice for the simple reason that no good purpose could be served by Benefactions presence in Cavity at that time.Having failed as a military leader, what advice could he give to the Cavityo revolutionists who had won their battles against Spaniards, driving them away in full of retreat and inactivity for the next overall months while the Spaniards waited for reinforcements from Spain? On the other hand, Benefactions presence in Cavity might affect enemy attacks, keeping the Cavitations out of balance and unable to concentrate their efforts on the primordial task of strengthening th eir Little Republic of Cavity. Boniface, having learned from bitter experience, declined the first two invitations from the Managing. He said it would not be advisable for leaders of the revolution to be cooped up in a small place like Cavity. Should the leaders be trapped, captured, or killed by the enemy, he added, that would mean the end of the revolution. A sensible answer from a man who had tasted defeat. But the Managing would not take no for an answer. A third invitation was sent to Boniface, and this time the latter accepted it. When I was read this book, I whisper that Why? And Why is the answer of Boniface, this question deserves an in-depth study by historians.What made Boniface finally accept the invitation to visit Cavity? In the absence of any historical documents, one can make an educated guess. THE CLIMAX OF MY COMPILATION It is not true, as stated in nearly all history books being taught in our schools ND colleges, that Boniface went to Cavity about mid-December 1896 to mediate the so-called conflict between the Magical and the Managing Councils of the Justinian in the province. Recreate himself said that there was no such conflict before Boniface arrived in Cavity.In fact, the two councils were cooperating splendidly, helping each other in the struggle against the Spaniards. The conflict between the two factions occurred only after Boniface arrived there. One important event ignored by historians is the fact that the day after Boniface arrived in Cavity, he was elected Haring Banyan Of the Magical Council or Government, replacing Marino Olivarez, who was demoted to Panhandling Haring Banyan. This meant that Boniface, in openly identifying himself with the Managing, forfeited whatever right he had,a s the Justinian Supreme, to act as a mediator between the two councils.B enefactions election as Haring Banyan signaled the star of the Magical- Managing conflict. The Managing insisted on claiming the leadership of the revolution for two reasons (based on Nick Joaquin): (1 ) they were first to rise in arms in Cavity, capturing the tribunal of San Francisco De Malabar bout 10 oclock on the morning of August 31, 1896,a ND that of Novelette about two hours later, and (2) they had a much larger territory under their control than did Magical.The Magical, on the other hand, justified their claim to leadership of the revolution by virtue of their almost daily encounters with the Spaniards, especially on the fronts of Capote and Backdoor, which the enemy would have to conquer before they could reach the Magical capital of Emus. These encounters provided the Magical with more extensive experience in military combat, something which the Managing, being located in the rear Of the Attlee zone, did not acquire, except from one encounter in Dalmatian on November 9-11, 1896.Another factor which weighed heavily in favor of the Magical was the presence of the ir brave and dashing cafe abandoner, Emilio Continual. When Boniface arrived in Cavity, Continual had defeated the best of the Spanish generals- Ernest De Acquire and Ramona Blanch- thus raising himself to the rank of a world military figure. His name had become a byword in Europe and the Latin-America countries which had previously liberated themselves from Spanish rule. Writing from London, DRP. Antonio Ma, Region, a Filipino exiled in 1872, stated that Continual had acquired a reputation and a name in Europe.Because of his spectacular military victories against the Spaniards, Continual had become a living legend in Cavity. Based on my conclusion, one educated guess, based on the sequence of historical events, is that Boniface finally accepted the invitation to visit Cavity with the idea of wresting the leadership of the revolution from the Magical under their victorious military commander, Continual. In other words, the Managing invited Boniface, the Justinian Supreme, in order to pit against Continual, an ordinary Gatekeeper.Another educated guess is that Boniface had been offered a kingdom in Cavity. That the Tendon hero wanted to be a king might be adduced from his own behavior when he arrived in Cavity. Historian Canonical describes Benefactions arrival in Cavity in these words: With his wife and two brothers, Cardiac and Procom, Boniface left for Cavity about the midd le of December 1896. Continual, Candida Atria Tirana ( a historical error because he had been killed in the Battle of Binary on November 10, 1896) and DilbertEvangelists were on hand to meet the supreme and his entourage in Capote. It was at this preliminary meeting that a misunderstanding arose between Magical leaders and Boniface, for the former, rightly or wrongly, saw from Benefactions gestures and behavior that he regarded himself superior and acting as if he were a king. Benefactions subsequent election as Haring Banyan of the Managing proved his ambition to kingship and, on the other hand, disproved the contention of many historians that Boniface had come to Cavity to mediate the Magical- Managing conflict.

Franz Boas, Father of American Anthropology

Franz Boas, Father of American Anthropology German-American anthropologist Franz Boas was one of the most influential social scientists of the early twentieth century, noted for his commitment to cultural relativism and as a staunch opponent of racist ideologies. Boas was arguably the most innovative, active, and prodigiously productive of the first generation of anthropologists in the U.S. He is best known for his curatorial work at the American Museum of National History in New York and for his nearly four-decade career teaching anthropology at Columbia University, where he built the first anthropology program in the country and trained the first generation of anthropologists in the U.S.  His graduate students went on to establish many of the first and most highly regarded anthropology programs in the country. Fast Facts: Franz Boas Born: July 9, 1858 in Minden, GermanyDied: December 22, 1942 in New York City, New YorkKnown For: Considered the Father of American AnthropologyEducation: University of Heidelberg, University of Bonn, University of KielParents: Meier Boas and Sophie MeyerSpouse: Marie Krackowizer Boas (m. 1861-1929)Notable Publications: The Mind of Primitive Man (1911), Handbook of American Indian Languages (1911), Anthropology and Modern Life (1928), Race, Language, and Culture (1940)Interesting Facts: Boas was an outspoken opponent of racism, and used anthropology to refute the scientific racism that was popular during his time. His theory of cultural relativism held that all cultures were equal, but simply had to be understood in their own contexts and by their own terms. Early Life Boas was born in 1858 in Minden, in the German province of Westphalia. His family was Jewish but identified with liberal ideologies and encouraged independent thinking. From a young age, Boas was taught to value books and became interested in the natural sciences and culture. He followed his interests in his college and graduate studies, focusing primarily on the natural sciences and geography while attending the University of Heidelberg, the University of Bonn, and the University of Kiel, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in physics. Research In 1883, after a year of service in the military, Boas began field research in Inuit communities in Baffin Island, off the northern coast of Canada. This was the beginning of his shift toward studying people and culture, rather than the external or natural worlds, and would alter the course of his career. Spirit of the Earthquake, Nootka Mask, Pacific Norwest Coast American Indian. Possibly American Museum of Natural History. Acquisition Year: 1901. Heritage Images / Getty Images In 1886, he began the first of many fieldwork trips to the Pacific Northwest. Contrary to dominant views during that era, Boas came to believe- in part through his fieldwork- that all societies were fundamentally equal. He disputed the claim that fundamental differences existed between societies that were deemed civilized versus savage or primitive, according to the language of the time. For Boas, all human groups were fundamentally equal. They simply needed to be understood within their own cultural contexts. Boas worked closely with the cultural exhibits of the 1893 Worlds Columbian Exposition, or the Chicago Worlds Fair, which celebrated the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus arrival in the Americas. It was a huge undertaking and many of the materials gathered by his research teams went on to form the basis of the collection for the Chicago Field Museum, where Boas worked briefly following the Columbian Exposition. Eskimos At The Worlds Columbian Exposition, which Franz Boas helped create. Chicago History Museum / Getty Images Following his time in Chicago, Boas moved to New York, where he became assistant curator and later curator at the American Museum of Natural History. While there, Boas championed the practice of presenting cultural artifacts in their context, rather than attempting to arrange them according to imagined evolutionary progress. Boas was an early proponent of using dioramas, or replicas of scenes from daily life, in museum settings. He was a leading figure in the research, development, and launch of the Museums Northwest Coast Hall in 1890, which was one of the first museum exhibits on the life and culture of the indigenous people of North America. Boas continued to work at the Museum until 1905, when he turned his professional energies toward academia. Franz Boas was curator of the American Museum Of Natural History from 1896 to 1905. The New York Historical Society / Getty Images Work in Anthropology Boas became the first professor of anthropology at Columbia University in 1899, following three years as a lecturer in the field. He was instrumental in establishing the universitys anthropology department, which became the first Ph.D. program in the discipline in the U.S. Boas is often referred to as the Father of American Anthropology because, in his role at Columbia, he trained the first generation of U.S. scholars in the field. Famous anthropologists Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict were both his students, as was the writer Zora Neale Hurston. In addition, several of his graduate students went on to establish some of the first anthropology departments in universities across the country, including programs at the University of California at Berkeley, University of Chicago, Northwestern University, and beyond. The emergence of anthropology as an academic discipline in the U.S. connects closely to Boas work and, in particular, his lasting legacy through his former students. Boas was also a key figure in the founding and development of the American Anthropological Association, which remains the primary professional organization for anthropologists in the U.S. Chiefs Blanket with Bear Design, Totemism,Tlingit Tribe, Pacific Northwest Coast Indians. Totemism is a system of belief in which humans are said to have kinship or a mystical relationship with a spirit-being, such as an animal or plant. Heritage Images / Getty Images Main Theories and Ideas Boas is well known for his theory of cultural relativism, which held that all cultures were essentially equal but simply had to be understood in their own terms. Comparing two cultures was tantamount to comparing apples and oranges; they were fundamentally different and had to be approached as such. This marked a decisive break with the evolutionary thinking of the period, which attempted to organize cultures and cultural artifacts by an imagined level of progress. For Boas, no culture was more or less developed or advanced than any other. They were simply different. Along similar lines, Boas denounced the belief that different racial or ethnic groups were more advanced than others. He opposed scientific racism, a dominant school of thought at that time. Scientific racism held that race was a biological, rather than cultural, concept and that racial differences could thus be attributed to underlying biology. While such ideas have since been refuted, they were very popular in the early twentieth century. In terms of anthropology as a discipline, Boas supported what came to be known as the four-field approach. Anthropology, for him, constituted the holistic study of culture and experience, bringing together cultural anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology, and physical anthropology. Franz Boas died of a stroke in 1942 at the Columbia University campus. A collection of his essays, articles, and lectures, which he had personally selected, was published posthumously under the title Race and Democratic Society. The book took aim at race discrimination, which Boas considered the most intolerable of all forms. Sources: Elwert, Georg. Boas, Franz (1858-1942). International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2015. Pierpont, Claudia Roth. The Measure of America. The New Yorker, March 8, 2004.Who Was Franz Boas? PBS Think Tank, 2001.White, Leslie A. Book Review: Race and Democratic Society. American Journal of Sociology, 1947.

The U.S. Presidents and Their Era

The U.S. Presidents and Their Era Learning the list of U.S. presidents in order   is an elementary school activity. Most everyone remembers the most important and best presidents, as well as those that served in wartime. But many of the rest are forgotten in the fog of memory or vaguely remembered but cant be placed in the right time frame. So, quick, when was Martin Van Buren president? What happened during his tenure? Gotcha, right? Heres  a refresher course on this fifth grade subject that includes the 45 U.S. presidents as of January 2017, along with the defining issues of their eras.   U.S. Presidents 1789-1829 The earliest presidents, most of whom are considered to be Founding Fathers of the United States, are usually the easiest to remember. Streets, counties, and cities are named after all of them across the country. Washington is called the father of his country for good reason: His ragtag Revolutionary army beat the British, and that made the United States of America a country. He served as the countrys first president, guiding it through its infancy, and set the tone. Jefferson, the writer of the Declaration of Independence, expanded the country tremendously with the Louisiana Purchase. Madison, the father of the Constitution, was in the White House during the War of 1812 with the British (again), and he and wife Dolley had to famously escape the White House as it was burned by the British.  These early years saw the country carefully begin to find its way as a new nation. George Washington (1789-1797)John Adams (1797-1801)Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)James Madison (1809-1817)James Monroe (1817-1825)John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) U.S. Presidents 1829-1869 This period of U.S. history is marked by the searing controversy of slavery in the Southern states and compromises that tried and ultimately failed to solve the problem. The Missouri Compromise of 1820, the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 all sought to deal with this issue, which inflamed passions both North and South. These passions ultimately erupted in secession and then Civil War, which lasted from April 1861 to April 1865, a war that took the lives of 620,000 Americans, almost as many as in all other wars fought by Americans combined. Lincoln is, of course, remembered by all as the Civil War president trying to keep the Union intact, then guiding the North throughout the war and then attempting to bind up the nations wounds, as stated in his Second Inaugural Address. Also, as all Americans know, Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth just after the war ended in 1865. Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)William H. Harrison (1841)John Tyler (1841-1845)James K. Polk (1841-1849)Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)Millard Fillmore (1850-1853)Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)James Buchanan (1857-1861)Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)Andrew Johnson (1865-1869) U.S. Presidents 1869-1909 This period, which stretches from just after the Civil War until the early part of the 20th century, was marked by Reconstruction, including the three Reconstruction Amendments (13, 14 and 15), the rise of the railroads, westward expansion, and wars with Native Americans in the areas where American pioneers were settling. Events like the Chicago Fire (1871), the first run of the Kentucky Derby (1875) the Battle of Little Big Horn (1876), the Nez Perce War (1877), the opening of the Brooklyn Bridge (1883), the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890) and the Panic of 1893 define this era. Toward the end, the Gilded Age made its mark, and that was followed by the populist reforms of Theodore Roosevelt, which brought the country into the 20th century. Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)James A. Garfield (1881)Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885)Grover Cleveland (1885-1889)Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)William McKinley (1897-1901)Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) U.S. Presidents 1909-1945 Three momentous events dominated this time period: World War I, the Great Depression of the 1930s and World War II. Between World War I and the Great Depression came the Roaring 20s, a time of immense social change and huge prosperity, which all came to a screeching halt in October 1929, with the crash of the stock market. The country then plunged into a somber decade of extremely high unemployment, the Dust Bowl on the Great Plains and many home and business foreclosures. Virtually all Americans were affected. Then in December 1941, the Japanese bombed the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor, and the U.S. was drawn into World War II, which had been wreaking havoc in Europe since the fall of 1939. The war caused the economy to finally turn up. But the cost was high: World War II took the lives of more than 405,000 Americans in Europe and the Pacific. Franklin D. Roosevelt was president from 1932 to April 1945, when he died in office. He steered the ship of state through two of these traumatic times and left an enduring mark domestically with New Deal legislation. William H. Taft (1909-1913)Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) U.S. Presidents 1945-1989 Truman took over when FDR died in office and presided over the end of World War II in Europe and the Pacific, and he made the decision to use atomic weapons on Japan to end the war. And that ushered in whats called the Atomic Age and the Cold War, which continued until 1991 and the fall of the Soviet Union. This period is defined by peace and prosperity in the 1950s, the assassination of Kennedy in 1963, civil rights protests and civil rights legislative changes, and the Vietnam War. The late 1960s were particularly contentious, with Johnson taking much of the heat over Vietnam. The 1970s brought a watershed constitutional crisis in the form of Watergate. Nixon resigned in 1974 after the House of Representatives passed three articles of impeachment against him. The Reagan years brought peace and prosperity as in the 50s, with a popular president presiding. Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)Richard M. Nixon (1969-1974)Gerald R. Ford (1974-1977)Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) U.S. Presidents 1989-2017 This most recent era of American history is marked by prosperity but also by tragedy: The attacks of Sept.11, 2001, on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon and including the lost plane in Pennsylvania took 2,996 lives and was the deadliest terrorist attack in history and the most horrific attack on the U.S. since Pearl Harbor. Terrorism and Mideast strife have dominated the period, with wars being fought in Afghanistan and Iraq soon after 9/11 and ongoing terrorism fears throughout these years. The 2008 financial crisis was the worst in the U.S. since the beginning of the Great Depression in 1929. George H. W. Bush (1989-1993)Bill Clinton (1993-2001)George W. Bush (2001-2009)Barack Obama (2009-2017)Donald Trump (2017- )

Features of power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Features of power - Essay Example " or ""Everyone will be just as it was," drawing on to the themes of Modern ennui or the famous Eliot line ""In the room the women come and go/ Talking of Michelangelo". The boredom is with a wasted life where the Victorian or Aristocratic order becomes a sham. The powerful imposition of an abeyance of organic cycles full of decadent spectral traditions in Chekhov, and the "ghost" of the Victorian order posing acute psychological and intellectual repercussions in Nora's marks themood of Ibsen's play. The context of power in Ibsen's play is more imminent since it outright satirizes the Victorian marital set-up and the kind of power-relation is shared between a husband and his wife. It did subvert the idea of the 'angel in the house'. The play satirises the helplessness of Victorian women, financially and legally dependent their husbands and were considered legal property of her husband. Her property or wealth too belonged to her husband. There was very little financial independence she was not expected to earn for her own living. This patriarchal imposition was masked behind an idea of good-will. The cold rationality of Torvald Helmer and his patronozing attitude towards Nora is extremely apt in giving the account of the kind of power and hierarchy he engages to help Nora content with an illusion about her home and life. Her eating macaroons and lying about them are just shallow exchanges that have greater ideological practices at play behind them. Torvald is the shaping power wh o must teach, guide, rescue and advice Nora under the excuse of romantic love which has no basis in anything apart for in creating and restoring a hierarchy where he must appear to represent greater experience, knowledge, intellect and above all benevolence. His appearance masks a deep selfishness (for his own integrity) when he refuses to oblige his beloved Nora by refusing to let in Krogstad. There is a great urge working within Torvald to control appearances within his household and with his relationship. The epiphany about her real self emerges only when Torvald falls short of his role as a protector. Krogstad's blackmail reveals the other side of Nora. It shows her acumen for business, and the desperation to maintain the status quo of her substandard life. She realises that his continuous playful tone with her, disciplining attitude signify Torvald's actual expectations out of her. She is never his equal, sharing his intellectual comanionship. She is another decoration in the " Doll's" house, with a stunted mental life. Nora questions the possession of authority and intellectual power granted to her even for raising her children. She was thus not indispensable in her substance. Nora has lived a derogatory life only to conform to an ideal that does not even exist and says: "I have been performing tricks for you, Torvald". Nora becomes a person with a greater purpose. Her ideals about motherhood take a backseat when she realizes that she is estranged by the religion and the law and fits nowhere. Torvald's desperate plea to make Nora accept her "roles" was a pathetic attempt to appease her reveals his hypocrisy. Choosing integrity over love becomes a crucial question when Nora chooses the prior thus establishing that Torvald's selfishness to maintain his own integrity even at the expense of their marriage

Obamas 2008 Cooper Union Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obamas 2008 Cooper Union Speech - Essay Example Obama, in 2008, had a plan to renew America by forcing penalties on poor and greedy corporate leaders, giving consumers housing-related tax credits, and create new regulations that make sure financial institutions do not take on high levels of risk, however, this renewal strategy has not been fully effective. Â  Obama saw that tighter regulation would prevent financial institutions from taking opportunities away from regular, middle-class citizens. He felt that a deregulated environment had been a reason to why investment companies and commercial banks took on far too much debt and there was no system in place to make sure they had enough capital reserves. This is because risky asset-backed securities and derivatives were off-balance sheet transactions. He wanted a crackdown on market manipulation that was causing many companies to experience fast drops in their stock values when short-sellers were using unethical methods to drive down stock prices for their own gain. Â  Obama also saw that building a type of best practice risk management system for banks and for the general economy would renew America. He sees that this change in risk management and a change of corporate leadership attitudes would reshape the economy for the 21st Century and give middle-class consumers more protection against another financial crisis. Many regular citizens lost their jobs and lost their wealth as a result of unregulated investment institutions and Obama saw renewal as a means of putting these stakeholders first. Â  He seems to see that the division between the wealthy and the less-advantaged is taking away the American dream. Therefore, by making sure that corporations and investment firms are held accountable for their actions, it will make sure that middle-class consumers can again seek the American dream without being victimized by an economy damaged by greed and poor government oversight.

My motivation Essay Example for Free

My motivation Essay My motivation to attend a Historically Black College or University has a lot to do with black history but not for the most common reasons. For me to be able to properly express my sentiments in making this selection, I would like to begin by speaking of my experience as a black woman and the experience of being black in America. This, I feel, is the only way that I can clearly explain my decision to attend a Historically Black College or University. In the very beginning of this nations history, Americans were under the power of Englands monarchy. The Americans were able to overthrow the shackles of bondage and created a Constitution that declares its steadfast belief in the ideals of freedom, equality and the pursuit of happiness. But immediately after the Declaration of Independence and even after the Constitution was signed and accepted by leaders of the new government, not every American citizen is treated fairly. This led to the development of several plans that were aimed at making things equal. Among which, affirmative action was praised and pilloried as the answer to racial inequality. First introduced by President Kennedy in 1961, â€Å"Affirmative action† was designed as a method of reducing the discrimination that had remained despite the civil rights laws and constitutional guarantees. It was a method that was put in place as a â€Å"Temporary Measure to Level the Playing Field† through the offering of the same opportunities to all Americans. While the â€Å"Affirmative Action† plan was intended to have good effects, it resulted in exposing the flaws in the system as â€Å"Reverse Racism† began to emerge and the â€Å"Bakke† case came about where a white male was rejected two years in a row in favor of admitting other minorities through a quota system. This â€Å"Reverse Racism† and other flaws led to a mounting anger against â€Å"Affirmative Action† and soon it became a Zero Sum Game as jobs and opportunities became open to minorities but not to whites. During this period, Preferential treatment and quotas became expressions of contempt. This is where my drive to apply at this Historically Black College or University comes from because I am a firm believer in the progress that has been made to address this situation. The recent victory of Barack Obama in the United States Presidential Election of 2008 is one of the biggest issues among many other big events that have occurred in America this year. This year’s election was even more controversial because of the racial issue, which they barely, if at all, had in previous elections. During the course of the campaigns, other candidates may have mentioned the racial difficulties in their speech or public pledge, but no candidate ever represented him-self as a minority. The United States, I am proud to admit, has begun the long process of change. The idea of having a Black President was unthinkable and unimaginable ten years ago. Yet, it must be pointed out that it was only achievable because America is blended by multi-ethnicity, which means America is like a melting pot, where all different races and cultures are mixed in one particular land, often called â€Å"a country of immigrants†. Many other countries aside from than the United States were and still likely to deny minorities as their presidents. This recent success is a clear sign that Obama’s successful run for president has broken through the ‘last racial barrier’. America no longer has to be rudely awakened by the Civil Rights Movement to realize that there is still much work to be done with regards to racism in this country. When Martin Luther King, Jr. died, the nation was ready for a major change. Ending segregation in the South and improving the status of the Negro race is now the correct thing to do. The victory of Barack Obama sends a message of change that resounds with all the voters; it speaks of change and opportunity for all those who had none and all those who have none. It is this same message of change that has prompted me to embrace my country for taking steps in initiating this change. These Historically Black Colleges and Universities have been trying to change this trend since their inception and I feel that it is my duty to be a part of that proud history and continue the message of change by pushing back the barriers. As the United States continues to grow in population size, the impact that the minorities have on the future of America will no longer be a minor one, to say the least. Without any effective action, these minorities will not be able to take advantage of the opportunities that America has to offer. Affirmative action was supposed to be the future of a great America. An America as envisioned by the forefathers who declared that no person shall be denied the right to life, liberty or property just on the basis of the color of his skin. Any effective action, such as taking an active role by applying to Historically Black Colleges and Universities, with regard to improving society should not be about segregating people or creating a different class. It should instead focus on creating opportunities for those who have none and building relationships that will ensure that America can remains as the great country that it has been and is for ages to come. It is said that the future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams. I am one of those individuals who firmly believe in my dreams and am not afraid to work hard to attain them. I know that I have a long road to travel but I am neither daunted nor intimidated by this because I know that I can succeed. I am also confident in the fact that with the experiences that I can gain from this university there is so much more that I can accomplish in life and I look forward to the day that this dream becomes a reality.

Training :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Training Informal and Formal Training and Development Informal Training and Development Informal training and development is rather casual and incidental. Typically, there are no specified training goals as such, nor are their ways to evaluate if the training actually accomplished these goals or not. This type of training and development occurs so naturally that many people probably aren't aware that they're in a training experience at all. Probably the most prominent form of informal training is learning from experience on the job. Examples are informal discussions among employees about a certain topic, book discussion groups, and reading newspaper and journal articles about a topic. A more recent approach is sending employees to hear prominent speakers, sometimes affectionately called "the parade of stars". Informal training is less effective than formal training if one should intentionally be learning a specific area of knowledge or skill in a timely fashion. Hardly any thought is put into what learning is to occur and whether that learning occurred or not. (However, this form of training often provides the deepest and richest learning because this form is what occurs naturally in life.) Formal Training and Development Formal training is based on some standard "form". Formal training might include: a) declaring certain learning objectives (or an extent of knowledge, skills or abilities that will be reached by learners at the end of the training), b) using a variety of learning methods to reach the objectives and then b) applying some kind(s) of evaluation activities at the end of the training. The methods and means of evaluation might closely associate with the learning objectives, or might not. For example, courses, seminars and workshops often have a form -- but it's arguable whether or not their training methods and evaluation methods actually assess whether the objectives have been met or not. Formal, Systematic Training and Development Systematic, formal training involves carefully proceeding through the following phases: a) Assessing what knowledge, skills and /or abilities are needed by learners; b) Designing the training, including identifying learning goals and associated objectives, training methods to reach the objectives, and means to carefully evaluate whether the objectives have been reached or not; c) Developing the training methods and materials; d) Implementing the training; and e) Evaluating whether objectives have been reached or not, in addition to the quality of the training methods and materials themselves A systematic approach is goal-oriented (hopefully, to produce results for the organization and/or learners), with the results of each phase being used by the next phase.